Renewable energies 2018/2019

MEC662 - Hydro, Wind and Marine Resources (2019-2020)

After the course the student should be able to

• - use the basics of fluvial flows and tidal dynamics.
• - understand the dynamics of atmospheric , fluvial or marine boundary layers
• - understand the meteorological forcing and its variability
• - estimate the wind, the fluvial or tidal energy potential of a particular site or region
• - make the distinction between the amount of energy and the power available

- quantify the resource’s availability and its variability

Eligibility/Pre-requisites:

Basic knowledge in fluid mechanics, Bernoulli and Navier-Stokes equations.

Course main content:

The course is divided in three blocs dedicated to hydro , wind and marine resources.

1. 1 Introduction

                - Economical, environmental and political issues

                - Various units of energy, primary and final energy, capacity of some power plants

1. 2 Hydroelectric resource

                - Water cycle, potential temperature, precipitations

                - Gravitational energy: resource and energy

                - Conventional dam: principle, efficiency, power capacity, capacity factor

                - The mean total head H, head loss, maximum flow rate and power

                - Environmental impact and carbon budget of hydroelectric power plants

2. Laboratory demonstration (ENSTA)

Observations and quantification of free surface channel flows, fluvial-torrential transition, efficiency of small hydro-dam. Data analysis and personal homework.

 3. Fluvial hydraulics

                - Flow regimes, Froude number

                - Hydraulic load of a free surface flow

                - Fluvial-torrential transition

                - Hydraulic jump, dissipation

                - Energy and momentum conservation

                - Run of river electricity: principle, efficiency, power capacity, capacity factor

4. Basic Meteorology and wind resources

- Synoptic winds, global circulation

- local winds: sea breeze, mountain winds, …

- Wind variability, turbulence, Rayleigh decomposition

- Weibull distribution, wind spectra, turbulence intensity

5. Atmospheric or Oceanic boundary layers

- laminar boundary layer

- turbulent boundary layer, logarithmic law

- stable or unstable boundary layers

- wind or hydro measurements within the boundary layer

- On-site resource assessment 

6. Wind or river turbines: Betz limits and turbines interactions

- The standard Betz law

- Betz law with a free surface

- Individual turbine wake and multiple turbines interaction

- On-site resource assessment

7. Laboratory demonstration (ENSTA) 

Head loss of a free surface flow: fluvial and torrential regime, turbulent boundary layer, bottom roughness, logarithmic law. Data analysis and personal homework.

8. Tidal wave and tidal power

                  - History: first uses of tidal power

                  - Astronomical forcing

                  - Ocean response: Kelvin waves and tidal waves

                  - Bay or estuary resonance: shallow-water model

                  - Impact of bottom friction

                  - Tidal power plant: principle, efficiency, power capacity

                - Environmental impact of tidal power plants

9. Tidal currents and tidal turbine

                - Tidal turbine: an emerging market

                - Tidal currents: variability, coastal amplification, tidal ellipses

                - French and UK resources

                - Bottom friction and boundary layer profile, turbine wake

                - Tidal turbine: principle, efficiency, power capacity, strengths and drawbacks.

 Examination and requirements for final grade:

The final grade is a combination of the reports from the laboratory sessions and a 3h individual examination with exercises (open book exam). 

Langue du cours : Anglais

Credits ECTS : 4

After the course the student should be able to

• - use the basics of fluvial flows and tidal dynamics.
• - understand the dynamics of atmospheric , fluvial or marine boundary layers
• - understand the meteorological forcing and its variability
• - estimate the wind, the fluvial or tidal energy potential of a particular site or region
• - make the distinction between the amount of energy and the power available

- quantify the resource’s availability and its variability

Eligibility/Pre-requisites:

Basic knowledge in fluid mechanics, Bernoulli and Navier-Stokes equations.

Course main content:

The course is divided in three blocs dedicated to hydro , wind and marine resources.

1. 1 Introduction

                - Economical, environmental and political issues

                - Various units of energy, primary and final energy, capacity of some power plants

1. 2 Hydroelectric resource

                - Water cycle, potential temperature, precipitations

                - Gravitational energy: resource and energy

                - Conventional dam: principle, efficiency, power capacity, capacity factor

                - The mean total head H, head loss, maximum flow rate and power

                - Environmental impact and carbon budget of hydroelectric power plants

2. Laboratory demonstration (ENSTA)

Observations and quantification of free surface channel flows, fluvial-torrential transition, efficiency of small hydro-dam. Data analysis and personal homework.

 3. Fluvial hydraulics

                - Flow regimes, Froude number

                - Hydraulic load of a free surface flow

                - Fluvial-torrential transition

                - Hydraulic jump, dissipation

                - Energy and momentum conservation

                - Run of river electricity: principle, efficiency, power capacity, capacity factor

4. Basic Meteorology and wind resources

- Synoptic winds, global circulation

- local winds: sea breeze, mountain winds, …

- Wind variability, turbulence, Rayleigh decomposition

- Weibull distribution, wind spectra, turbulence intensity

5. Atmospheric or Oceanic boundary layers

- laminar boundary layer

- turbulent boundary layer, logarithmic law

- stable or unstable boundary layers

- wind or hydro measurements within the boundary layer

- On-site resource assessment 

6. Wind or river turbines: Betz limits and turbines interactions

- The standard Betz law

- Betz law with a free surface

- Individual turbine wake and multiple turbines interaction

- On-site resource assessment

7. Laboratory demonstration (ENSTA) 

Head loss of a free surface flow: fluvial and torrential regime, turbulent boundary layer, bottom roughness, logarithmic law. Data analysis and personal homework.

8. Tidal wave and tidal power

                  - History: first uses of tidal power

                  - Astronomical forcing

                  - Ocean response: Kelvin waves and tidal waves

                  - Bay or estuary resonance: shallow-water model

                  - Impact of bottom friction

                  - Tidal power plant: principle, efficiency, power capacity

                - Environmental impact of tidal power plants

9. Tidal currents and tidal turbine

                - Tidal turbine: an emerging market

                - Tidal currents: variability, coastal amplification, tidal ellipses

                - French and UK resources

                - Bottom friction and boundary layer profile, turbine wake

                - Tidal turbine: principle, efficiency, power capacity, strengths and drawbacks.

 Examination and requirements for final grade:

The final grade is a combination of the reports from the laboratory sessions and a 3h individual examination with exercises (open book exam). 

Langue du cours : Anglais

Credits ECTS : 4

PHY556 - Python for Beginners (2019-2020)

"Python have reaches n°4 of the top programming language in 2019 (Tiobe Index). Many applications and researches are based on this language. The Python rises is due to its large implementation over the last years in data sciences and machine learning and is became a must requirement for many job positions. Python for Beginners is a course for people who don’t have any background about programming. During this course you will learn how to install and call Python in your computer, how to manage the basic operations, how to organize your program, how to define and use a function, how to use files (csv), how to draw figures, how to use other functionalities like libraries and finally you will have exercises to practice what you have learn

"Python have reaches n°4 of the top programming language in 2019 (Tiobe Index). Many applications and researches are based on this language. The Python rises is due to its large implementation over the last years in data sciences and machine learning and is became a must requirement for many job positions. Python for Beginners is a course for people who don’t have any background about programming. During this course you will learn how to install and call Python in your computer, how to manage the basic operations, how to organize your program, how to define and use a function, how to use files (csv), how to draw figures, how to use other functionalities like libraries and finally you will have exercises to practice what you have learn